NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography are the main textbooks prescribed by CBSE for Humanities and Science students who have chosen Geography in Class 12. These books are used in schools across India and are enough for scoring well in the CBSE board exam and for building concepts for competitive exams with Geography components.
NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography
On this page you can download NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography in PDF/ZIP format for English, Hindi and Urdu medium directly from the official NCERT textbook portal. Below you will find a quick book-wise table, followed by chapter-wise download links, short descriptions, important questions, MCQs, a summary and FAQs to support your exam preparation.
About Fundamentals of Human Geography Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Fundamentals of Human Geography book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Gives an overview of the NCERT Class 12 Geography course, objectives and structure of this human geography book. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Introduces the nature, scope and importance of human geography with simple day-to-day examples. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Explains basic ideas related to world population, distribution and growth useful for case study questions. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Covers population composition and its impact on development indicators asked in CBSE exams. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Discusses human development, regional differences and important maps and diagrams. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Introduces primary activities like agriculture, fishing and mining with world examples. |
| Chapter 6 Download Chapter 6 PDF | Explains secondary activities such as manufacturing and industry location factors. |
| Chapter 7 Download Chapter 7 PDF | Covers tertiary and quaternary activities and their role in modern world economy. |
| Chapter 8 Download Chapter 8 PDF | Focuses on transport and communication networks and related map-based questions. |
| Appendix 1 Download PDF | Provides additional data tables, maps and reference material for human geography revision. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Fundamentals of Human Geography Book.
About Practical Work in Geography Part II Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Practical Work in Geography Part II book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Introduces the importance of practical work, maps and data handling in Class 12 Geography. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Covers basic cartographic skills and map interpretation needed for board practicals. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Explains data collection and tabulation methods using real-life geographical information. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Focuses on graphical representation of data like bar graphs, pie charts and line graphs. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Discusses field surveys, report writing and practical-based questions in Geography. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Practical Work in Geography Part II Book.
About Manav Bhugol Ke Mool Sidhant Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Manav Bhugol Ke Mool Sidhant book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Explains the aim and layout of the Hindi medium human geography textbook for Class 12. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Introduces basic principles of man–environment relationship in human geography. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Discusses population-related ideas in simple Hindi with suitable Indian examples. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Explains demographic composition and development indicators for exam questions. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Covers human development themes with focus on maps, tables and case studies. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Describes primary economic activities and livelihood patterns around the world. |
| Chapter 6 Download Chapter 6 PDF | Looks at secondary activities and industrial location with Indian case studies. |
| Chapter 7 Download Chapter 7 PDF | Explores service sector activities and modern information-based occupations. |
| Chapter 8 Download Chapter 8 PDF | Deals with transport, communication networks and map-based questions in Hindi. |
| Appendix 1 Download PDF | Provides extra tables, statistics and glossary terms to revise Manav Bhugol. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Manav Bhugol Ke Mool Sidhant Book.
About Bhugol main peryojnatmak pryogatmak karye Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Bhugol main peryojnatmak pryogatmak karye book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Highlights the role of project work and practical activities in Class 12 Bhugol. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Covers basics of map reading, symbols and scale for Hindi medium students. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Explains data collection, tabulation and presentation for project-based work. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Shows how to prepare graphs and diagrams from geographical data. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Guides field survey, report writing and viva questions for Geography practicals. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Bhugol main peryojnatmak pryogatmak karye Book.
About India -People And Economy Book
You can download the individual chapters in the India -People And Economy book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Introduces the focus on Indian population, resources and economic geography. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Discusses population distribution, density and growth patterns in India. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Covers migration types and their impact on India’s demographic structure. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Explains human development in India with index-based comparisons. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Deals with land resources, agriculture and major cropping patterns. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Covers mineral and energy resources and related map-based questions. |
| Chapter 6 Download Chapter 6 PDF | Explains manufacturing industries and industrial regions of India. |
| Chapter 7 Download Chapter 7 PDF | Focuses on transport, communication and international trade of India. |
| Chapter 8 Download Chapter 8 PDF | Discusses planning, regional development and case studies like IT corridor. |
| Chapter 9 Download Chapter 9 PDF | Covers disaster management concepts with Indian examples for value-based questions. |
| Appendix 1 Download PDF | Provides statistical tables and reference data for India – People and Economy. |
For more details, visit Class 12 India -People And Economy Book.
About Bharat log aur arthvyasastha(Bhugol) Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Bharat log aur arthvyasastha(Bhugol) book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Explains the Hindi medium focus on Indian people and economic geography. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Describes population distribution and density of India in simple Hindi. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Discusses migration patterns, push–pull factors and exam-oriented diagrams. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Covers human development and regional inequalities within India. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Explains land use, agriculture and major cropping regions with maps. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Deals with minerals, power resources and location-based questions. |
| Chapter 6 Download Chapter 6 PDF | Describes manufacturing industries and industrial regions in Hindi. |
| Chapter 7 Download Chapter 7 PDF | Focuses on transport, communication networks and trade routes of India. |
| Chapter 8 Download Chapter 8 PDF | Discusses regional planning, development programmes and case studies. |
| Chapter 9 Download Chapter 9 PDF | Covers disaster management concepts with Indian case examples. |
| Appendix 1 Download PDF | Provides extra statistics, maps and glossary to revise Bharat log aur arthvyavastha. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Bharat log aur arthvyasastha(Bhugol) Book.
About Insani Jughrafia Ke Buniyadi Usool(Urdu) Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Insani Jughrafia Ke Buniyadi Usool(Urdu) book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Introduces the Urdu medium human geography book and its learning outcomes. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Explains basic concepts of human geography in simple Urdu language. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Discusses population issues with examples useful for map and data questions. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Covers demographic composition and indicators of development. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Deals with human development themes through case studies. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Describes primary economic activities and livelihood patterns. |
| Chapter 6 Download Chapter 6 PDF | Explains secondary activities and industrial location in Urdu. |
| Chapter 7 Download Chapter 7 PDF | Focuses on service sector activities and information-based economy. |
| Chapter 8 Download Chapter 8 PDF | Covers transport and communication networks with map practice. |
| Chapter 9 Download Chapter 9 PDF | Deals with international trade and related case studies. |
| Chapter 10 Download Chapter 10 PDF | Introduces settlement patterns and urban–rural differences. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Insani Jughrafia Ke Buniyadi Usool(Urdu) Book.
About Hindustan Awam Aur Maishat(Urdu) Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Hindustan Awam Aur Maishat(Urdu) book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Explains the Urdu medium focus on India’s people, resources and economy. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Describes population distribution and density of India in Urdu. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Discusses internal migration and its socio-economic effects. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Covers human development patterns and regional disparities. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Explains agriculture, land use and major crop regions. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Deals with mineral and power resources of India. |
| Chapter 6 Download Chapter 6 PDF | Describes major manufacturing industries and industrial belts. |
| Chapter 7 Download Chapter 7 PDF | Focuses on transport and communication networks of India. |
| Chapter 8 Download Chapter 8 PDF | Discusses India’s foreign trade and major trade routes. |
| Chapter 9 Download Chapter 9 PDF | Covers regional planning and development case studies. |
| Chapter 10 Download Chapter 10 PDF | Explains basic disaster management concepts in Indian context. |
| Chapter 11 Download Chapter 11 PDF | Provides additional examples on population and resources. |
| Chapter 12 Download Chapter 12 PDF | Includes extension readings for further practice and projects. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Hindustan Awam Aur Maishat(Urdu) Book.
About Jughrafia Mein Aamli Kam(Urdu) Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Jughrafia Mein Aamli Kam(Urdu) book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Introduces the Urdu medium Geography practical book for Class 12. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Covers fundamentals of map reading and interpretation skills. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Explains methods of collecting and organising geographical data. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Shows how to present data through graphs and diagrams. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Deals with field survey techniques and observation skills. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Guides preparation of project reports for Geography practical examination. |
| Chapter 6 Download Chapter 6 PDF | Provides practice questions, activities and sample viva questions. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Jughrafia Mein Aamli Kam(Urdu) Book.
Important Questions on NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography
- Explain why NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography are considered sufficient for CBSE board exam preparation.
- How does the book India – People and Economy help in answering map-based questions in the board exam?
- Differentiate between human geography and physical geography with suitable examples from the NCERT text.
- Why is it important to study population composition while planning development policies?
- Discuss the role of transport and communication in economic development of India.
MCQs on NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography
| MCQ | Options | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| Which organisation publishes NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography? | a) CBSE b) NCERT c) NIOS d) UGC | b) NCERT |
| Which book mainly focuses on Indian population, resources and economy? | a) Fundamentals of Human Geography b) India – People and Economy c) Practical Work in Geography Part II d) Manav Bhugol Ke Mool Sidhant | b) India – People and Economy |
| Map-based questions in the CBSE Class 12 Geography exam usually come from | a) Only physical maps b) Only atlas maps c) NCERT textbook maps d) State board books | c) NCERT textbook maps |
| Practical Work in Geography Part II mainly helps in | a) Learning poems b) Practising fieldwork and data skills c) Studying political science d) Learning languages | b) Practising fieldwork and data skills |
| For Hindi medium students, India – People and Economy is parallel to | a) Manav Bhugol Ke Mool Sidhant b) Bharat log aur arthvyavastha c) Insani Jughrafia Ke Buniyadi Usool d) Hindustan Awam Aur Maishat | b) Bharat log aur arthvyavastha |
Summary of NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography
NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography give a complete balance of concepts, maps, data and practical work needed for CBSE board exams. The human geography books explain how people interact with their environment, while the India-focused books deal with our country’s population, resources, industries and trade. Practical work books guide you on maps, field surveys and project work, which carry separate marks in the board examination.
Whether you are studying in English, Hindi or Urdu medium, the NCERT Class 12 Geography books follow the same NCERT syllabus and exam pattern. If you revise the NCERT chapters properly, practise all NCERT maps, and complete the exercises at the end of each chapter, you can confidently attempt both theory and practical questions. Use the free PDFs on this page to download, save and revise your Class 12 Geography syllabus anytime.
FAQs on NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography
Q1. Are NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography enough for scoring 90+ marks in the CBSE board exam?
Yes. For most students, NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography are sufficient. Focus on every map, figure and in-text question, solve previous year CBSE papers and sample papers, and revise the NCERT exercises thoroughly.
Q2. From where can I download official NCERT Class 12 Geography book PDFs?
You can download official PDFs of NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography from the NCERT textbook portal. For convenience, this page on NCERTBooks.net provides direct links to those same NCERT files in ZIP/PDF format.
Q3. Which NCERT Geography books are prescribed for CBSE Class 12?
For English medium, CBSE generally prescribes Fundamentals of Human Geography, India – People and Economy and Practical Work in Geography Part II. For Hindi and Urdu medium, equivalent books like Manav Bhugol Ke Mool Sidhant and Bharat log aur arthvyavastha are used.
Q4. How should I use the Practical Work in Geography book for exam preparation?
Read each Practical Work in Geography chapter carefully, practise all graphs and maps, and complete at least one sample field survey report. This will help you perform well in school practicals and in the CBSE board practical exam.
Q5. Can I rely only on these NCERT PDFs for competitive exams with Geography sections?
NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography are the best starting point for competitive exams because they clear concepts in a simple way. For higher-level exams, you may add extra reference books later, but your base should always be strong NCERT reading.
Q6. Do these NCERT Class 12 Geography books follow the latest CBSE syllabus?
Yes, the NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography listed here are from the latest NCERT editions available on the official NCERT website and align with the current CBSE Geography syllabus for Class 12.