Master Class 10 Science with clear, step-by-step NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science aligned to the latest CBSE syllabus. Each chapter from the official NCERT textbooks—Chemistry, Biology, and Physics—has been solved by experienced teachers with the presentation style examiners prefer. You’ll find exact working, labelled diagrams, reasoning where needed, and references to practice formats that mirror board exams, sample papers, and NCERT exemplar solutions.
Our approach stays true to the National Council of Educational Research and Training objectives while keeping answers friendly and precise. Whether you’re revising theory, practising numericals, or polishing diagrams, these solutions help you show steps cleanly and score every method mark. Use the chapter table below to jump into any topic, or scroll for quick summaries that highlight what matters most in science and maths integration across Chemistry, Biology, and Physics units. For convenience, “Download” links are kept as placeholders so you can later download NCERT book for class and companion PDFs.
Looking for Maths too? Explore NCERT Solutions for Class 10 (All Subjects) or jump to Class 10 Maths. (Links are placeholders — add final URLs later.)
How These NCERT Solutions Help in CBSE Board Exam Preparation
- Exact NCERT coverage: Every back-of-chapter exercise and intext question is answered as per NCERT textbooks, so nothing exam-critical is missed.
- Marking-friendly steps: Derivations, numericals, and diagram-based answers are formatted for board exams.
- Concept → Application: Each topic moves from definitions/laws to worked examples and higher order thinking skill prompts.
- Revision-ready: Quick pointers and memory hooks support last-minute exam preparation and practice with sample papers and NCERT exemplar solutions.
Class 10 Science — Chapter Index
| S.No. | Chapter | Core Focus | Quick Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chemical Reactions and Equations | Types of reactions, balancing, oxidation/reduction, practical implications | Sections PDF |
| 2 | Acids, Bases and Salts | Indicators, pH, reactions, common salts & uses | Sections PDF |
| 3 | Metals and Non-metals | Properties, reactivity series, corrosion, extraction basics | Sections PDF |
| 4 | Carbon and Its Compounds | Covalency, homologous series, functional groups, ethanol/ethanoic acid | Sections PDF |
| 5 | Periodic Classification of Elements | Modern periodic table, trends, valency, properties | Sections PDF |
| 6 | Life Processes | Nutrition, respiration, transport, excretion (plants & animals) | Sections PDF |
| 7 | Control and Coordination | Nervous system, hormones in animals, coordination in plants | Sections PDF |
| 8 | How do Organisms Reproduce? | Asexual & sexual reproduction, human reproductive system | Sections PDF |
| 9 | Heredity and Evolution | Mendel’s laws, variation, traits, basic evolutionary ideas | Sections PDF |
| 10 | Light – Reflection and Refraction | Mirror/lens formulas, ray diagrams, sign conventions | Sections PDF |
| 11 | The Human Eye and the Colourful World | Eye parts, defects & correction, dispersion, scattering | Sections PDF |
| 12 | Electricity | Ohm’s law, series/parallel, power, heating effect | Sections PDF |
| 13 | Magnetic Effects of Electric Current | Magnetic field lines, right-hand thumb rule, motors, generators | Sections PDF |
| 14 | Sources of Energy | Conventional & non-conventional, efficiency, environment | Sections PDF |
| 15 | Our Environment | Ecosystems, food chains/webs, waste management | Sections PDF |
| 16 | Management of Natural Resources | Sustainable use, RRR (reduce-reuse-recycle), case studies | Sections PDF |
Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations
This unit builds the language of Chemistry used throughout the Class 10 course. You’ll learn to identify and write reactions, balance equations systematically, and classify processes such as combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, oxidation, and reduction. Our NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science show each balancing step, highlight common errors, and stress the meaning of state symbols and observations that examiners expect. We also connect reactions to real-life (rusting, rancidity, corrosion protection), integrating small “why/how” prompts that develop higher order thinking skill without overloading you. Use this chapter to standardise your notation and polish presentation—vital for board exams.
Sections inside Chapter 1
| Section | Coverage | Quick Access |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1 Writing & Balancing Equations | Word → symbolic equations; LHS=RHS atom balance; state symbols | Open |
| 1.2 Types of Reactions | Combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement | Open |
| 1.3 Oxidation & Reduction | OIL RIG idea, redox in daily life, corrosion, prevention | Open |
| 1.4 Intext + Exercise Solutions | NCERT back-exercise and intext Q&A (marking-friendly steps) | Open |
| 1.5 Exemplar & PYQ Pointers | NCERT exemplar solutions, sample papers, common traps | Open |
Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts
Indicators, pH, and salt chemistry dominate this chapter. Our solutions emphasise definitions with examples, practical observations (litmus, methyl orange, phenolphthalein), and everyday applications like baking soda, washing soda, and plaster of Paris. Numericals (pH-based reasoning) are written step-wise, and concept questions are answered concisely in line with the CBSE syllabus. We also include neat diagram cues and keyword lists to make last-minute revision effortless. This is a high-yield unit for board exams from the perspective of direct conceptual questions drawn from NCERT textbooks.
Sections inside Chapter 2
| Section | Coverage | Quick Access |
|---|---|---|
| 2.1 Indicators & pH | Natural & synthetic indicators; universal indicator; pH scale | Open |
| 2.2 Reactions of Acids/Bases | Metal, carbonates, bicarbonates; neutralisation; dilution | Open |
| 2.3 Salts & Uses | Common salts, POP, washing/baking soda; water of crystallisation | Open |
| 2.4 Intext + Exercise Solutions | NCERT Q&A written for exam preparation | Open |
| 2.5 Exemplar & PYQ Pointers | Concept drills, sample papers, highlight errors | Open |
Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals
Learn the physical and chemical properties of metals vs non-metals, reactivity series logic, and corrosion prevention. Our NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science explain why trends occur (electron loss/gain), decode reaction patterns (metal + acid, displacement), and include crisp diagrams for apparatus-based questions. We align examples to typical board exams prompts and map answers to the CBSE syllabus weightage. Finish with a mini-checklist for common ores, alloys, and corrosion control—handy during last-minute exam preparation.
Sections inside Chapter 3
| Section | Coverage | Quick Access |
|---|---|---|
| 3.1 Physical Properties | Malleability, ductility, conductivity, lustre; exceptions | Open |
| 3.2 Chemical Properties | With oxygen/water/acids; displacement; ionic trends | Open |
| 3.3 Reactivity Series | Ranking, memory hooks, application in predictions | Open |
| 3.4 Corrosion & Prevention | Rusting mechanism, galvanisation, alloying | Open |
| 3.5 Intext + Exercise + Exemplar | NCERT solutions + NCERT exemplar solutions | Open |
Chapter 4: Carbon and Its Compounds
Carbon’s covalency, versatile bonding, homologous series, and functional groups are central to scoring well in organic basics. Our solutions standardise structural formulas, IUPAC naming, and typical reactions (combustion, oxidation, addition, substitution). Activities like soap micelle formation are explained step-wise with neat diagrams. This chapter often powers direct questions in board exams, so the presentation must be exact—our answers model that style and reference NCERT textbooks examples line-by-line.
Sections inside Chapter 4
| Section | Coverage | Quick Access |
|---|---|---|
| 4.1 Covalent Bonding | Tetra-valency, isomerism basics, stability idea | Open |
| 4.2 Homologous Series | Functional groups; general formula; trends | Open |
| 4.3 Important Reactions | Combustion, oxidation, addition, substitution | Open |
| 4.4 Soaps & Detergents | Micelles, cleansing action, water hardness | Open |
| 4.5 Exercises + Exemplar | NCERT + NCERT exemplar solutions, practice sets | Open |
Chapter 5: Periodic Classification of Elements
The modern periodic table unifies atomic structure with chemical behaviour. We explain the logic of periods and groups, predict properties (valency, atomic size, metallic character), and include reasoning-type answers examiners love. The solutions show how to turn trends into quick predictions—critical for board exams. Link this chapter with earlier Chemistry units to see why element properties cluster the way they do under the CBSE syllabus.
Sections inside Chapter 5
| Section | Coverage | Quick Access |
|---|---|---|
| 5.1 Historical Attempts | Dobereiner, Newlands, Mendeleev (quick view) | Open |
| 5.2 Modern Periodic Table | Atomic number basis; layout; blocks (at level needed) | Open |
| 5.3 Periodic Trends | Valency, size, metallic/non-metallic character | Open |
| 5.4 Exercise + Exemplar | Short & long answers; reasoning; sample papers | Open |
Chapter 6: Life Processes
Biology begins with core processes: nutrition, respiration, transport, and excretion. Our solutions prioritise labelled diagrams (human digestive system, heart, nephron, stomata), tabular contrasts (aerobic vs anaerobic, xylem vs phloem), and keyword-first answers tuned to board exams. Each explanation is cross-checked with NCERT textbooks so you can depend on accuracy during exam preparation.
Sections inside Chapter 6
| Section | Coverage | Quick Access |
|---|---|---|
| 6.1 Nutrition | Autotrophic/heterotrophic; digestion steps | Open |
| 6.2 Respiration | Aerobic/anaerobic; experiment pointers; equations | Open |
| 6.3 Transport | Heart path, blood vessels; transport in plants | Open |
| 6.4 Excretion | Nephron structure; excretion in plants (brief) | Open |
| 6.5 Exercise + Exemplar | Diagram-heavy answers; Do/Don’t lists | Open |
Chapter 7: Control and Coordination
Understand how organisms coordinate via neural and chemical systems. We focus on reflex arc, neuron structure, brain parts and their functions, plant movements, and hormones in animals. Short, structured answers with labelled diagrams match board exams marking schemes and keep terminology consistent with NCERT textbooks.
Sections inside Chapter 7
Chapter 8: How do Organisms Reproduce?
From asexual modes (fission, budding, fragmentation, spore formation) to sexual reproduction in plants and humans, our solutions use labelled diagrams and stepwise explanations to secure diagram-based marks. Ethical, health, and application-oriented one-liners are included per CBSE syllabus scope.
Sections inside Chapter 8
| Section | Coverage | Quick Access |
|---|---|---|
| 8.1 Asexual Reproduction | Modes with diagrams; advantages/limits | Open |
| 8.2 Sexual Reproduction | Plants (flower parts), humans (basic anatomy) | Open |
| 8.3 Reproductive Health (Scope) | Awareness; brief, textbook-aligned notes | Open |
| 8.4 Exercises + Exemplar | Label-the-diagram; differences; reasoning | Open |
Chapter 9: Heredity and Evolution
Mendel’s crosses, traits, and basic ideas of evolution appear regularly in exams. Our answers keep Punnett squares neat and the language concise. We include typical reasoning patterns (dominant vs recessive, acquired vs inherited traits) as seen in sample papers and past board exams.
Sections inside Chapter 9
Chapter 10: Light – Reflection and Refraction
Numericals and ray diagrams dominate here. Our solutions stick to sign conventions, derive mirror/lens formulas as required, and provide neat construction steps. Common mistakes are flagged, and solutions are written to maximise method marks in board exams.
Sections inside Chapter 10
Chapter 11: The Human Eye and the Colourful World
Present diagram-first answers: parts of the eye, accommodation, common defects (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia) and their correction. Also cover dispersion, scattering (Tyndall effect), and blue/red sky reasoning. We model the short-answer style preferred in board exams.
Sections inside Chapter 11
Chapter 12: Electricity
Ohm’s law, resistance, series-parallel combinations, electrical power, and heating effect are core scoring areas. Our numericals show units, substitutions, and final statements clearly. Concept questions are brief yet complete—exactly how board exams mark schemes expect answers.
Sections inside Chapter 12
Chapter 13: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Field line patterns, right-hand thumb rule, Fleming’s rules, and device principles (motor, generator) are high-frequency items. Our diagrams are kept large and labelled. Answers emphasise definitions and laws first, then brief applications—best for exam preparation.
Sections inside Chapter 13
Chapter 14: Sources of Energy
Compare conventional vs non-conventional sources, evaluate efficiency, cost, availability, and environmental impact. Our answers help you write compact, comparison-style responses tuned to board exams. Brief case-study pointers align to CBSE syllabus expectations.
Sections inside Chapter 14
Chapter 15: Our Environment
Ecosystems, food chains/webs, and waste management questions reward crisp, textbook-style answers. We prioritise definitions with examples, simple diagrams, and eco-logic reasoning. This chapter is a scoring opportunity—keep answers short and exact as per NCERT textbooks.
Sections inside Chapter 15
Chapter 16: Management of Natural Resources
Apply science to society: forests, wildlife, water, coal, and petroleum management. We provide point-wise answers, case-study cues, and balanced arguments—ideal for the short/long-answer mix in board exams. Keep examples current but within the scope of CBSE syllabus.
Sections inside Chapter 16
Study Advice for Class 10 Science
- Start with the book: Read the NCERT textbooks examples first; then attempt back exercises.
- Write every step: Especially for numericals and derivations—this is how board exams award method marks.
- Diagram discipline: Use big, labelled diagrams for Biology and Physics optics/electricity—don’t skip labels.
- Practise variety: Mix in NCERT exemplar solutions and sample papers to strengthen application and higher order thinking skill.
- Revise smartly: Keep a one-page summary per chapter for exam preparation night-before revision.