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NCERT Solutions Class 10 Sanskrit Grammar Book Kaha Samayaha | Updated 2026-27

⚡ Quick Revision Box — कः समयः (Kaha Samayaha)
  • Chapter Name: कः समयः (Kaha Samayaha) — meaning “What is the time?”
  • Book: NCERT Sanskrit Grammar (Vyakaran) — Class 10, CBSE 2026-27
  • Core Theme: Time-related vocabulary, interrogative sentences, and number forms in Sanskrit
  • Key Grammar: Interrogative pronoun कः/का/किम्, present tense (लट् लकार), vibhakti endings
  • Important Words: समयः (time), घटिका (hour/clock), प्रहरः (quarter of day), अर्धम् (half)
  • Exam Pattern: बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न (MCQs), short answers, and sentence-formation questions
  • Marks Weightage: Grammar section carries ~25-30 marks in CBSE Class 10 Sanskrit board exam
  • Tip: Always match noun gender and number with verb forms — a common error in board exams

ncert solutions class 10 sanskrit grammar book kaha samayaha — ncertbooks.net

The NCERT Solutions Class 10 Sanskrit Grammar Book Kaha Samayaha on this page give you complete, step-by-step answers for all questions in this chapter, updated for the 2026-27 CBSE syllabus. Whether you are preparing for your board exam or want to understand Sanskrit time-related grammar deeply, these solutions — available on NCERT Solutions — will help you score better. This chapter appears in the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Sanskrit Grammar book and covers interrogative sentences, Sanskrit numbers, and time vocabulary. You can also refer to the NCERT official textbook for the original chapter content.

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Table of Contents

  1. Quick Revision Box
  2. Chapter Overview — कः समयः
  3. Key Concepts and Grammar Rules
  4. Word Meanings — Sanskrit Vocabulary with Hindi
  5. NCERT Solutions — All Exercises
  6. बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न (MCQs)
  7. लघु-उत्तरीय प्रश्न (Short Answers)
  8. वाक्य-निर्माण (Sentence Formation)
  9. Solved Examples Beyond NCERT
  10. Important Questions for Board Exam
  11. Common Mistakes Students Make
  12. Exam Tips for 2026-27
  13. Key Points to Remember
  14. Frequently Asked Questions

Chapter Overview — कः समयः (Kaha Samayaha) | NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Grammar 2026-27

The chapter कः समयः (Kaha Samayaha) is part of the NCERT Sanskrit Grammar (Vyakaran) book for Class 10. The title literally translates to “What is the time?” — making it a practical, conversational chapter that teaches students how to talk about time in Sanskrit. This chapter is important for the 2026-27 CBSE board exam because it combines vocabulary, grammar, and comprehension skills in one topic.

In the CBSE Class 10 Sanskrit exam, the grammar section (व्याकरण) carries significant weightage. Questions from this chapter typically appear as बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न (multiple-choice questions), लघु-उत्तरीय प्रश्न (short answer questions), and वाक्य-निर्माण (sentence formation) tasks. Students who master this chapter gain an advantage across multiple question types.

DetailInformation
Chapter Nameकः समयः (Kaha Samayaha)
BookNCERT Sanskrit Grammar (Vyakaran)
Class10 (CBSE)
SubjectSanskrit
Academic Year2026-27
Grammar Marks Weightage~25-30 marks (out of 80)
Difficulty LevelModerate
PrerequisitesBasic Sanskrit nouns, pronouns, present tense verbs (Class 9)

Before studying this chapter, make sure you are comfortable with Sanskrit noun declensions (शब्द-रूप), basic verb conjugations in लट् लकार, and the numbers 1–12 in Sanskrit. These are all used when asking and answering time-related questions in this chapter.

Key Concepts and Grammar Rules in कः समयः — Sanskrit Class 10 NCERT Solutions

Interrogative Pronouns — कः, का, किम्

The word कः (kaha) is the masculine singular form of the interrogative pronoun meaning “who” or “what”. In the phrase कः समयः?, it asks “what” about the masculine noun समयः (time). The feminine form is का and the neuter form is किम्. Always match the interrogative pronoun’s gender with the noun it refers to.

Time Vocabulary — समय-सम्बन्धी शब्दाः

Sanskrit has a rich set of words for expressing time. The key terms in this chapter include:

  • समयः / वेला — time (समय)
  • घटिका / घड़ी — clock / hour (घड़ी)
  • प्रहरः — a quarter of the day (पहर)
  • अर्धम् — half (आधा)
  • पादः — quarter (चौथाई)
  • न्यूनम् — less / minus (कम)
  • अधिकम् — more / plus (अधिक)

Sanskrit Numbers Used in Time (१ से १२)

Knowing Sanskrit numbers is essential for this chapter. Here are the numbers 1–12 in their nominative singular masculine form:

NumeralSanskrit (Masculine)Hindi
1एकःएक
2द्वौदो
3त्रयःतीन
4चत्वारःचार
5पञ्चपाँच
6षट्छह
7सप्तसात
8अष्टआठ
9नवनौ
10दशदस
11एकादशग्यारह
12द्वादशबारह

Sentence Structure for Telling Time in Sanskrit

Sanskrit follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) word order. When telling time, the standard pattern is:

Pattern 1 — Exact hour: [संख्या] वादनम् अस्ति। (It is [number] o’clock.)

Example: षड्वादनम् अस्ति। — It is 6 o’clock.

Pattern 2 — Half past: [संख्या] वादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति। (It is half past [number].)

Example: सप्तवादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति। — It is half past 7.

Pattern 3 — Quarter past: [संख्या] वादनस्य पादः अधिकम् अस्ति।

Pattern 4 — Minutes to: [संख्या] वादनस्य [मिनट] न्यूनम् अस्ति।

Word Meanings — कः समयः Sanskrit Vocabulary with Hindi Translation

These are the key words from the कः समयः chapter that you must know for your CBSE board exam. Each word is given with its English meaning and Hindi translation.

Sanskrit WordTransliterationEnglish MeaningHindi Meaning
कः समयःkaha samayahaWhat is the time?समय क्या है?
समयःsamayahaTimeसमय
घटिकाghatikaClock / Hourघड़ी / घंटा
वादनम्vadanamO’clock (striking of hour)बजे
अर्धम्ardhamHalfआधा
पादःpadahaQuarter (one-fourth)पाव / चौथाई
न्यूनम्nyunamLess / Minus / To (before)कम
अधिकम्adhikamMore / Plus / Pastअधिक / ज़्यादा
प्रातःpratahaMorningसुबह / प्रातःकाल
मध्याह्नःmadhyahnaNoon / Middayदोपहर
सायम्sayamEveningशाम
रात्रिःratrihNightरात
निमेषः / मिनिटम्nimeshahaMinuteमिनट
अस्तिastiIs (3rd person singular)है

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Sanskrit Grammar Book Kaha Samayaha — All Exercises

Below are complete solutions for all exercises in the कः समयः chapter of the NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Grammar book. These answers are written as per the CBSE 2026-27 marking scheme. For the original questions, refer to the NCERT official website.

बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न (Multiple Choice Questions) — कः समयः

प्रश्न 1 (Question 1)

Easy

“कः समयः अस्ति?” — इस प्रश्न में ‘कः’ किस लिङ्ग का शब्द है?
(In the question “Kaha Samayaha asti?”, ‘कः’ belongs to which gender?)
(क) स्त्रीलिङ्ग (ख) नपुंसकलिङ्ग (ग) पुंल्लिङ्ग (घ) उभयलिङ्ग

Step 1: Identify the noun that कः is referring to. Here it refers to समयः.

Step 2: Determine the gender of समयः. The word समयः ends in -अः (अकारान्त), which is the standard masculine (पुंल्लिङ्ग) ending in Sanskrit.

Step 3: Since कः agrees in gender with समयः, it is also masculine (पुंल्लिङ्ग).

उत्तर (Answer): (ग) पुंल्लिङ्ग — ‘कः’ is masculine (पुंल्लिङ्ग) because it agrees with the masculine noun समयः.

Board Exam Note: Gender-agreement MCQs appear regularly in 2-3 mark sections of CBSE Sanskrit papers. Always check the noun’s ending to determine gender.

प्रश्न 2 (Question 2)

Easy

“षड्वादनम् अस्ति” — इस वाक्य का हिन्दी अर्थ क्या है?
(What is the Hindi meaning of the sentence “Shadvadanam asti”?)
(क) सात बजे हैं (ख) छह बजे हैं (ग) पाँच बजे हैं (घ) आठ बजे हैं

Step 1: Break the compound word: षड् = six (छह) + वादनम् = o’clock (बजे) + अस्ति = is (है).

Step 2: Combine the meaning: “Six o’clock is” → “It is six o’clock” → छह बजे हैं।

उत्तर (Answer): (ख) छह बजे हैं — षड्वादनम् अस्ति means “It is 6 o’clock” (छह बजे हैं).

Board Exam Note: Translation MCQs are straightforward marks. Memorise the Sanskrit number + वादनम् pattern for all 12 hours.

प्रश्न 3 (Question 3)

Medium

“सप्तवादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति” — इस वाक्य का अर्थ क्या है?
(क) साढ़े सात बजे हैं (ख) पौने सात बजे हैं (ग) सात बजकर पन्द्रह मिनट हुए हैं (घ) सात बजे हैं

Step 1: Identify each word: सप्तवादनस्य = of seven o’clock (षष्ठी विभक्ति / genitive case of सप्तवादनम्), अर्धम् = half, अस्ति = is.

Step 2: The genitive case (-स्य) here indicates “half of seven o’clock” — meaning half past seven, i.e., 7:30.

Step 3: In Hindi, 7:30 is expressed as साढ़े सात बजे हैं.

उत्तर (Answer): (क) साढ़े सात बजे हैं — सप्तवादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति means “It is half past seven” (साढ़े सात बजे हैं).

Board Exam Note: The षष्ठी विभक्ति (genitive case) pattern with अर्धम् and पादः is a favourite MCQ topic in CBSE board papers.

प्रश्न 4 (Question 4)

Medium

“नववादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति” — इस वाक्य का अर्थ चुनिए।
(क) पौने नौ बजे हैं (ख) सवा नौ बजे हैं (ग) साढ़े नौ बजे हैं (घ) नौ बजे हैं

Step 1: Decode: नववादनस्य = of nine o’clock, पादः = quarter (15 minutes), न्यूनम् = less/minus, अस्ति = is.

Step 2: “Quarter less than nine o’clock” = 15 minutes before 9 = 8:45.

Step 3: In Hindi, 8:45 is called पौने नौ बजे हैं (quarter to nine).

उत्तर (Answer): (क) पौने नौ बजे हैं — नववादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति means “It is quarter to nine” (पौने नौ बजे हैं).

Board Exam Note: Remember: न्यूनम् = minus/before the hour (पौने), अधिकम् = plus/past the hour (सवा). This distinction is tested every year.

प्रश्न 5 (Question 5)

Medium

“द्वादशवादनस्य पादः अधिकम् अस्ति” — इस वाक्य का हिन्दी अर्थ क्या है?
(क) पौने बारह बजे हैं (ख) साढ़े बारह बजे हैं (ग) सवा बारह बजे हैं (घ) बारह बजे हैं

Step 1: Decode: द्वादशवादनस्य = of twelve o’clock, पादः = quarter (15 minutes), अधिकम् = more/past, अस्ति = is.

Step 2: “Quarter past twelve” = 12:15.

Step 3: In Hindi, 12:15 is सवा बारह बजे हैं.

उत्तर (Answer): (ग) सवा बारह बजे हैं — The sentence means “It is quarter past twelve” (सवा बारह बजे हैं).

Board Exam Note: पादः अधिकम् = सवा (quarter past). Write this pattern clearly in your answer sheet for full marks.

लघु-उत्तरीय प्रश्न (Short Answer Questions) — कः समयः

प्रश्न 1 — Short Answer

Easy

संस्कृत में “तीन बजे हैं” कैसे कहेंगे? (How do you say “It is 3 o’clock” in Sanskrit?)

Step 1: Identify the Sanskrit word for 3: त्रयः (masculine nominative plural) — but for compound time expressions, use the stem form: त्रि-.

Step 2: Combine with वादनम् (o’clock): त्रिवादनम्.

Step 3: Add the verb अस्ति (is): त्रिवादनम् अस्ति।

उत्तर: त्रिवादनम् अस्ति। — It is 3 o’clock. (तीन बजे हैं।)

Board Exam Note: In short-answer questions, always write the full Sanskrit sentence followed by its Hindi/English meaning for complete marks.

प्रश्न 2 — Short Answer

Medium

“साढ़े दस बजे हैं” — इसे संस्कृत में लिखिए। (Write “It is half past ten” in Sanskrit.)

Step 1: Sanskrit for 10 in compound: दश- → दशवादनम् (ten o’clock).

Step 2: For “half past”, use षष्ठी विभक्ति (genitive): दशवादनस्य + अर्धम्.

Step 3: Complete sentence: दशवादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति।

उत्तर: दशवादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति। — It is half past ten. (साढ़े दस बजे हैं।)

Board Exam Note: Always use the षष्ठी विभक्ति form (-स्य) before अर्धम्, पादः, or any minute expression. Missing this ending costs marks.

प्रश्न 3 — Short Answer

Medium

“पौने आठ बजे हैं” को संस्कृत में लिखिए। (Write “It is quarter to eight” in Sanskrit.)

Step 1: “Quarter to eight” means 15 minutes before 8 o’clock.

Step 2: Use: अष्टवादनस्य (of eight o’clock) + पादः (quarter) + न्यूनम् (less/minus) + अस्ति.

Step 3: Full sentence: अष्टवादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति।

उत्तर: अष्टवादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति। — It is quarter to eight. (पौने आठ बजे हैं।)

Board Exam Note: The key difference: न्यूनम् = “to/before” (पौने) and अधिकम् = “past” (सवा). Do not mix these up.

वाक्य-निर्माण (Sentence Formation) — कः समयः

वाक्य-निर्माण प्रश्न 1

Medium

निम्नलिखित समयों को संस्कृत में लिखिए: (Write the following times in Sanskrit)
(i) 5:00 बजे (ii) 11:30 बजे (iii) 2:15 बजे (iv) 6:45 बजे

(i) 5:00 बजे (Five o’clock)

Pattern: [Number in compound form] + वादनम् + अस्ति।

Sanskrit for 5 = पञ्च (compound: पञ्च-)

उत्तर: पञ्चवादनम् अस्ति।

(ii) 11:30 बजे (Half past eleven)

Pattern: [Number]वादनस्य + अर्धम् + अस्ति।

Sanskrit for 11 = एकादश

उत्तर: एकादशवादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति।

(iii) 2:15 बजे (Quarter past two)

Pattern: [Number]वादनस्य + पादः + अधिकम् + अस्ति।

Sanskrit for 2 = द्वि (compound form)

उत्तर: द्विवादनस्य पादः अधिकम् अस्ति।

(iv) 6:45 बजे (Quarter to seven)

Pattern: [Next hour]वादनस्य + पादः + न्यूनम् + अस्ति।

6:45 = 15 minutes before 7, so use सप्त (7).

उत्तर: सप्तवादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति।

Board Exam Note: For “quarter to” times, always use the NEXT hour with न्यूनम्. This is a very common error — students use the current hour instead.

Solved Examples Beyond NCERT — Kaha Samayaha Sanskrit Class 10

These extra examples go slightly beyond the NCERT textbook to help you handle any variation in the CBSE board exam. They cover the same grammar concepts but with different time values.

Extra Example 1

Medium

“सवा एक बजे हैं” को संस्कृत में लिखिए। (Write “It is quarter past one” in Sanskrit.)

Step 1: “Quarter past one” = 1:15. Use: एकवादनस्य + पादः + अधिकम् + अस्ति।

उत्तर: एकवादनस्य पादः अधिकम् अस्ति। — It is quarter past one (सवा एक बजे हैं).

Extra Example 2

Hard

“रात्रौ दस बजकर बीस मिनट हुए हैं” को संस्कृत में लिखिए। (Write “It is 10:20 at night” in Sanskrit.)

Step 1: 10:20 = 20 minutes past 10. Use: दशवादनस्य + विंशतिः निमेषाः + अधिकम् + अस्ति।

Step 2: Add time of day: रात्रौ (at night — सप्तमी विभक्ति of रात्रिः).

उत्तर: रात्रौ दशवादनस्य विंशतिः निमेषाः अधिकम् अस्ति।

Extra Example 3 — Dialogue

Medium

निम्नलिखित संवाद का हिन्दी अनुवाद कीजिए: (Translate the dialogue into Hindi)
अ: भवान् जानाति वा, कः समयः अस्ति?
ब: आम्, चतुर्वादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति।

Step 1: भवान् जानाति वा = Do you know? (भवान् = आप, जानाति = जानते हैं, वा = क्या)

Step 2: कः समयः अस्ति = What is the time? (समय क्या है?)

Step 3: आम् = Yes (हाँ), चतुर्वादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति = साढ़े चार बजे हैं।

उत्तर: अ: क्या आप जानते हैं, समय क्या है? ब: हाँ, साढ़े चार बजे हैं।

Important Questions for CBSE Board Exam — कः समयः Sanskrit Class 10

These questions are based on the CBSE board exam pattern for the 2026-27 academic year. Practise all of them carefully.

1-Mark Questions (परिभाषा / रिक्त-स्थान)

  1. Q: ‘समयः’ शब्द का हिन्दी अर्थ क्या है? A: समय (Time)
  2. Q: ‘अर्धम्’ का अर्थ लिखिए। A: आधा (Half)
  3. Q: संस्कृत में ‘घड़ी’ के लिए कौन-सा शब्द प्रयुक्त होता है? A: घटिका

3-Mark Questions

महत्त्वपूर्ण प्रश्न — 3 अंक

Medium

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का हिन्दी में अनुवाद कीजिए:
(i) एकादशवादनम् अस्ति।
(ii) अष्टवादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति।
(iii) द्वादशवादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति।

(i) एकादशवादनम् अस्ति।

ग्यारह बजे हैं। (It is 11 o’clock.)

(ii) अष्टवादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति।

साढ़े आठ बजे हैं। (It is half past eight.)

(iii) द्वादशवादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति।

पौने बारह बजे हैं। (It is quarter to twelve.)

Board Exam Note: Translation questions appear in the 3-mark section. Write both the Hindi meaning and the English equivalent for maximum clarity.

5-Mark Long Answer Question

दीर्घ-उत्तरीय प्रश्न — 5 अंक

Hard

संस्कृत में समय बताने के नियमों का वर्णन कीजिए और प्रत्येक नियम का एक-एक उदाहरण दीजिए। (Describe the rules for telling time in Sanskrit with one example each.)

नियम 1 — पूर्ण घंटा (Exact Hour): [संख्या]वादनम् + अस्ति।

उदाहरण: पञ्चवादनम् अस्ति। (पाँच बजे हैं।)

नियम 2 — आधा घंटा (Half Past): [संख्या]वादनस्य + अर्धम् + अस्ति।

उदाहरण: षड्वादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति। (साढ़े छह बजे हैं।)

नियम 3 — सवा (Quarter Past): [संख्या]वादनस्य + पादः + अधिकम् + अस्ति।

उदाहरण: त्रिवादनस्य पादः अधिकम् अस्ति। (सवा तीन बजे हैं।)

नियम 4 — पौने (Quarter To): [अगले घंटे]वादनस्य + पादः + न्यूनम् + अस्ति।

उदाहरण: दशवादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति। (पौने दस बजे हैं।)

नियम 5 — दिन का समय (Time of Day): प्रातः (सुबह), मध्याह्नः (दोपहर), सायम् (शाम), रात्रौ (रात) — ये शब्द वाक्य के आरम्भ में लगाए जाते हैं।

उदाहरण: प्रातः सप्तवादनम् अस्ति। (सुबह के सात बजे हैं।)

निष्कर्ष: संस्कृत में समय बताने के लिए संख्या + वादनम् का प्रयोग होता है। अर्धम् = साढ़े, पादः अधिकम् = सवा, पादः न्यूनम् = पौने। षष्ठी विभक्ति (-स्य) का प्रयोग अर्धम्/पादः के साथ अनिवार्य है।

Board Exam Note: Long-answer questions in the 5-mark section reward structured, rule-based answers. Use numbered points and examples for each rule.

Common Mistakes Students Make in कः समयः — Sanskrit NCERT Class 10

Mistake 1: Using अष्टवादनम् न्यूनम् पादः अस्ति instead of नववादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति for “quarter to nine”.

Why it’s wrong: For “quarter to” times, you must use the NEXT hour (नव = nine), not the current hour (अष्ट = eight). Also, the षष्ठी विभक्ति (-स्य) is mandatory before पादः and अर्धम्.

Correct approach: Always think: “Quarter to X” → use X with -वादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति.

Mistake 2: Writing कः समय है (mixing Sanskrit and Hindi).

Why it’s wrong: Sanskrit sentences must be written entirely in Sanskrit. है is Hindi; the Sanskrit equivalent is अस्ति.

Correct approach: Write कः समयः अस्ति? — always use अस्ति in Sanskrit sentences.

Mistake 3: Forgetting the विसर्ग (:) in words like समयः, घटिका, पादः.

Why it’s wrong: The विसर्ग is part of the word’s grammatical form (प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन). Missing it changes the grammatical meaning.

Correct approach: Always write the complete word form: समयः (not समय), पादः (not पाद).

Mistake 4: Confusing अर्धम् (half) with पादः (quarter).

Why it’s wrong: अर्धम् = ½ (30 minutes), पादः = ¼ (15 minutes). Using the wrong word gives a completely different time.

Correct approach: Memorise: साढ़े = अर्धम्, सवा/पौने = पादः.

Mistake 5: Using nominative form of number instead of compound form in time expressions.

Why it’s wrong: Writing सप्त वादनम् (two separate words, nominative) instead of सप्तवादनम् (compound) is grammatically incorrect in Sanskrit.

Correct approach: Always write number + वादनम् as one compound word: सप्तवादनम्, अष्टवादनम्, etc.

Exam Tips for 2026-27 — NCERT Solutions Class 10 Sanskrit Kaha Samayaha

📝 CBSE 2026-27 Exam Strategy — Sanskrit Grammar
  • MCQ Strategy: In the 2026-27 CBSE Sanskrit paper, MCQs carry 1 mark each. For time-related MCQs, always decode the Sanskrit sentence word by word before selecting your answer. Do not guess.
  • षष्ठी विभक्ति is key: Every translation or sentence-formation question involving अर्धम्, पादः, or minutes requires the षष्ठी विभक्ति form (-स्य). Write this correctly to earn full marks.
  • Memorise the 5 time patterns: Exact hour, half past, quarter past, quarter to, and time-of-day prefix. These 5 patterns cover 90% of all time-related questions.
  • Use Devanagari script: Always write Sanskrit answers in Devanagari script. Writing in Roman transliteration in the answer sheet will not earn marks in CBSE board exams.
  • Show your working: For sentence-formation questions, write the pattern first (e.g., [Number]वादनस्य + अर्धम् + अस्ति), then fill in the values. This shows the examiner your understanding and secures partial marks even if the final answer has a small error.
  • Last-minute checklist:
    • ✅ Revise Sanskrit numbers 1–12 (compound forms)
    • ✅ Practise all 4 time patterns with at least 3 examples each
    • ✅ Review word meanings: समयः, घटिका, अर्धम्, पादः, न्यूनम्, अधिकम्
    • ✅ Check gender agreement in all sentences
    • ✅ Practise writing विसर्ग (:) correctly in all noun endings

Key Points to Remember — कः समयः NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Solutions

🔑 Key Points — कः समयः
  • कः समयः अस्ति? = “What is the time?” — the interrogative sentence that titles this chapter
  • Exact hour: [Number]वादनम् अस्ति — e.g., षड्वादनम् अस्ति (6 o’clock)
  • Half past: [Number]वादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति — e.g., सप्तवादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति (half past 7)
  • Quarter past: [Number]वादनस्य पादः अधिकम् अस्ति — e.g., द्विवादनस्य पादः अधिकम् अस्ति (quarter past 2)
  • Quarter to: [Next Number]वादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति — e.g., नववादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति (quarter to 9)
  • षष्ठी विभक्ति (-स्य) is always used before अर्धम्, पादः, and minute expressions
  • Time of day words: प्रातः (morning), मध्याह्नः (noon), सायम् (evening), रात्रौ (night)

Frequently Asked Questions — Kaha Samayaha Sanskrit Class 10 NCERT Solutions

कः समयः (Kaha Samayaha) literally means “What is the time?” in Sanskrit. Here, कः is the masculine interrogative pronoun meaning “what/who” and समयः is the masculine noun meaning “time”. Together they form the question “What is the time?” This is the central phrase of the chapter and is used as the starting point for all time-related conversations in Sanskrit. The chapter teaches students to both ask and answer this question using correct grammar.

To say “half past” in Sanskrit, use the pattern: [Number]वादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति. The key element is अर्धम् (meaning “half”) combined with the षष्ठी विभक्ति form of the hour (-वादनस्य). For example, “half past six” = षड्वादनस्य अर्धम् अस्ति. In Hindi, this corresponds to “साढ़े छह बजे हैं”. Always remember to use the genitive case ending -स्य before अर्धम्.

न्यूनम् means “less” or “minus” — it is used for times that are before the hour (“to” in English, “पौने” in Hindi). For example, नववादनस्य पादः न्यूनम् अस्ति = “quarter to nine” (पौने नौ बजे हैं). अधिकम् means “more” or “plus” — it is used for times that are past the hour (“past” in English, “सवा” in Hindi). For example, नववादनस्य पादः अधिकम् अस्ति = “quarter past nine” (सवा नौ बजे हैं). This distinction is a favourite MCQ topic in CBSE board exams.

The कः समयः chapter is part of the Sanskrit Grammar (Vyakaran) section of the CBSE Class 10 Sanskrit exam. The overall grammar section carries approximately 25-30 marks out of the 80-mark written paper in 2026-27. Questions from this chapter appear as MCQs (1 mark each), short-answer translations (2-3 marks), and sentence-formation tasks. Mastering this chapter gives you guaranteed marks in the grammar section since the time-expression patterns are predictable and follow fixed rules.

You can download the official NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Grammar book PDF free of cost from the NCERT official website at ncert.nic.in. Navigate to the “Textbooks” section, select Class 10, and choose Sanskrit to find the grammar book. The कः समयः chapter is included in the Vyakaran (grammar) component. Our solutions on this page are aligned with the 2026-27 edition of this textbook, so you can use them alongside the official PDF for complete preparation.