NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Book – Vyavasai Adhyan-II is a key textbook published by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) for students of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and other boards following the NCERT syllabus. It is designed to help students understand advanced concepts of business management, entrepreneurship, finance, and marketing that form the foundation for higher studies in commerce, economics, and business administration.
This book plays a major role in Class 12 board exam preparation and competitive exams such as CA Foundation, CS, CMA, and CUET. The Vyavasai Adhyan-II volume covers managerial functions, business environment, financial management, and marketing management — linking theory with real-life case studies. Students can download the NCERT book PDF for free in Hindi and use it for self-study, revision, and conceptual clarity.
Table of Contents – Vyavasai Adhyan-II (Class 12 Business Studies)
| Chapter Index | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Preface Section | Download PDF |
| Chapter 1 – Nature and Significance of Management | Download PDF |
| Chapter 2 – Principles of Management | Download PDF |
| Chapter 3 – Business Environment | Download PDF |
About NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Book – Vyavasai Adhyan-II
The Vyavasai Adhyan-II textbook is the second part of the Class 12 Business Studies course. It follows the latest CBSE NCERT curriculum (2024–25) and focuses on developing managerial, analytical, and entrepreneurial skills. Each chapter builds on real-world business problems and prepares students for higher education in commerce and management disciplines.
- Language: Hindi (व्यवसाय अध्ययन-II)
- Publisher: National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)
- Edition: Latest 2024–25
- Format: Free PDF (official NCERT download)
- Applicable for: CBSE, State Boards using NCERT syllabus, Open School learners
The book aligns with the learning outcomes of the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies syllabus — emphasizing decision-making, leadership, human resource management, and marketing strategies.
Chapter-wise Summary of Vyavasai Adhyan-II
Preface Section
The Preface introduces the structure, objectives, and pedagogical approach of the NCERT Business Studies textbook. It explains how the book encourages students to apply theoretical concepts in real-life business scenarios. The focus is on experiential learning, case-based understanding, and promoting entrepreneurial thinking among school students.
Chapter 1 – Nature and Significance of Management
This chapter explains the meaning, characteristics, and importance of management as a universal process that involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It highlights the objectives of management — achieving organizational goals efficiently and effectively. The section also introduces the levels of management and functions performed by managers at each level.
Key topics:
- Concept and objectives of management
- Levels of management – top, middle, supervisory
- Coordination and effectiveness
- Managerial functions in real organizations
This chapter lays the foundation for understanding business administration and organizational behavior — essential for both board exams and management entrance exams.
Chapter 2 – Principles of Management
This unit introduces the principles of management developed by Henri Fayol and F.W. Taylor. Students learn about the scientific and administrative principles that guide efficient business functioning. The comparison between Taylor’s scientific management and Fayol’s administrative management forms an important exam topic.
Key topics:
- Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management
- Taylor’s Scientific Management Principles
- Differences between scientific and administrative management
- Practical applications in modern business
Understanding these principles helps students connect traditional theories with modern management practices in industries and startups.
Chapter 3 – Business Environment
The third chapter focuses on the business environment — all external and internal forces that influence business decisions. It explains economic, social, political, technological, and legal factors that shape business policies. The chapter also discusses liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG reforms) and their impact on Indian business since 1991.
Key topics:
- Meaning and importance of business environment
- Dimensions – Economic, Social, Technological, Political, Legal
- Impact of Government policies on business
- Case study: Make in India and Start-up India initiatives
Students are encouraged to link theoretical concepts with current affairs, enhancing their understanding of how policy changes affect the economy and business strategies.
How to Use Vyavasai Adhyan-II for Exam Preparation
To score good marks in Class 12 board exams, students should integrate the following strategies while studying from NCERT textbooks:
- Read each chapter line-by-line to understand NCERT concepts clearly.
- Prepare short answer questions and case-based questions from each topic.
- Refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies for solved examples.
- Practice NCERT exemplar questions and previous year board papers.
- Revise through summary tables and key takeaways before exams.
For competitive exam preparation (CUET, CA, CMA, NEET UG business aptitude sections), understanding NCERT’s conceptual clarity gives a strong foundation for reasoning and analytical skills.
Download Section – Vyavasai Adhyan-II (Free PDFs)
| Section | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Preface Section | Download PDF |
| Chapter 1 | Download PDF |
| Chapter 2 | Download PDF |
| Chapter 3 | Download PDF |
| Entire Book (ZIP) | Download Complete Book |
Related Links
| Topic | Resource |
|---|---|
| More Class 12 Business Studies Books | NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Books |
| All Class 12 NCERT Books | View All Class 12 Books |
| NCERT Solutions | NCERT Solutions (Class 6–12) |
| Sample Papers | CBSE Sample Papers |