NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics are the main textbooks prescribed by CBSE for Commerce and Humanities stream students. These books explain core ideas like demand, supply, national income, money, banking and government budget in a simple, step-by-step way that fits the board exam pattern.
NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics
On this page you can download NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics in Class 12 English, Class 12 Hindi and Urdu medium directly from the official NCERT portal. Along with the NCERT Class 12 Economics books, you also get chapter-wise PDF links, short descriptions, important questions, MCQs, a teacher-written summary and FAQs to support smart preparation for the Class 12 Economics board exam.
About Introductory Microeconomics Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Introductory Microeconomics book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Explains the purpose, structure and use of the NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics (Microeconomics) in the CBSE curriculum. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Introduces basic microeconomics concepts like economy, scarcity, opportunity cost and central problems of an economy. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Covers theory of consumer behaviour, utility, demand, demand curve and its determinants with simple graphs. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Explains production function, short run and long run, total product, average product and marginal product concepts. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Discusses cost concepts, different types of costs and revenue curves relevant for a firm under perfect competition. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Describes market equilibrium under perfect competition using demand and supply, shifts and price ceiling/floor examples. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Introductory Microeconomics Book.
About Introductory Macroeconomics Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Introductory Macroeconomics book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Gives an overview of macroeconomics and how NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics cover national level issues. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Introduces macroeconomics, flow of income and basic aggregates used for macroeconomic study. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Covers national income accounting, GDP, GNP, NNP and related concepts with numerical examples. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Explains money, functions of money, banking system and role of the central bank in an economy. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Discusses determination of income and employment using the aggregate demand and aggregate supply framework. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Analyses government budget, revenue, expenditure, deficit and their impact on the economy. |
| Chapter 6 Download Chapter 6 PDF | Deals with open economy macroeconomics, foreign trade, exchange rate and balance of payments basics. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Introductory Macroeconomics Book.
About Vyashthi Arthshasrta Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Vyashthi Arthshasrta book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Explains the Hindi medium microeconomics text and its role in NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Introduces vyashthi arthshastra, basic economic problems and choice under scarcity. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Covers upbhokta vyavahar (consumer behaviour), demand, elasticity and demand curve shifts. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Explains utpadan karya (production function), returns to factor and factor proportions. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Deals with lagat avdharna (cost concepts) and different cost curves in the short and long run. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Discusses sampoorna pratiyogita bazaar (perfect competition) and price-output determination. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Vyashthi Arthshasrta Book.
About Samashty Arthshastra Ek Parichay Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Samashty Arthshastra Ek Parichay book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Introduces the Hindi medium macroeconomics text used in NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Provides an overview of samashty arthvyavastha and basic macroeconomic aggregates. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Explains rashtriya aay ke hisab (national income accounting) and related measures. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Covers mudra, banking pranali and the role of the Reserve Bank in the economy. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Discusses aay aur rozgar ka nirdharan using aggregate demand and aggregate supply. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Analyses sarkari bajat, kar vyavastha and different types of budget deficits. |
| Chapter 6 Download Chapter 6 PDF | Deals with videshi vyapar, vinimay dar and balance of payments in an open economy. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Samashty Arthshastra Ek Parichay Book.
About Juzvi Maashiyat ka Taruf(Urdu) Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Juzvi Maashiyat ka Taruf(Urdu) book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Introduces the Urdu medium microeconomics text within NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Explains bunyaadi maashi masail, kami-e-wasail and choice facing an individual. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Covers istemaal karne wale ka rawayya (consumer behaviour) and demand concepts. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Deals with paidawar ka amal (production process) and returns to factor. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Explains lagat, mukhtalif qisam ki lagat curves and firm decisions. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Discusses mukammal musabqat wala bazaar and equilibrium price determination. |
| Chapter 6 Download Chapter 6 PDF | Summarises key microeconomics ideas through short review points and examples. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Juzvi Maashiyat ka Taruf(Urdu) Book.
About Kulli Maashiyat Ka Taruf(Urdu) Book
You can download the individual chapters in the Kulli Maashiyat Ka Taruf(Urdu) book using the download buttons present under the chapter names in the following table.
| Chapter | Description |
|---|---|
| Preface Section Download PDF | Introduces the Urdu medium macroeconomics text linked to NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics. |
| Chapter 1 Download Chapter 1 PDF | Gives taruf-e-kulli maashiyat and key macroeconomic indicators. |
| Chapter 2 Download Chapter 2 PDF | Explains qaumi aamdani ka hisaab (national income accounting) with simple numericals. |
| Chapter 3 Download Chapter 3 PDF | Deals with zar (money), bankari nizam and central bank functions. |
| Chapter 4 Download Chapter 4 PDF | Covers aamdani aur rozgar ka taayyun using macro models. |
| Chapter 5 Download Chapter 5 PDF | Discusses hukoomati budget, taxes and types of fiscal deficits. |
| Chapter 6 Download Chapter 6 PDF | Explains bainul aqwaami tijarat, exchange rate and balance of payments basics. |
For more details, visit Class 12 Kulli Maashiyat Ka Taruf(Urdu) Book.
Important Questions on NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics
- How do NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics help you understand the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?
- Explain the significance of national income accounting as discussed in the Introductory Macroeconomics NCERT.
- “Demand curve slopes downwards from left to right.” Justify this statement using examples from daily life.
- How does the chapter on government budget in NCERT Class 12 Economics connect with current Union Budget discussions?
- Why do CBSE board questions frequently come from the topics of money, banking and market equilibrium?
MCQs on NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics
| MCQ | Options | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| Which organisation publishes NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics? | a) CBSE b) NCERT c) NIOS d) UGC | b) NCERT |
| Which NCERT Class 12 Economics book mainly deals with demand, supply and market equilibrium? | a) Introductory Macroeconomics b) Introductory Microeconomics c) Samashty Arthshastra Ek Parichay d) Kulli Maashiyat Ka Taruf | b) Introductory Microeconomics |
| National income accounting is discussed in | a) Chapter 2 of Introductory Macroeconomics b) Chapter 5 of Introductory Microeconomics c) Chapter 1 of Vyashthi Arthshasrta d) Chapter 6 of Juzvi Maashiyat ka Taruf | a) Chapter 2 of Introductory Macroeconomics |
| Which topic from NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics is most likely to appear as a 6-mark long answer? | a) Types of triangles b) Money and banking c) Photosynthesis d) Chemical bonding | b) Money and banking |
| Open economy macroeconomics in NCERT Class 12 Economics mainly discusses | a) Rural development only b) International trade and exchange rate c) Only agriculture d) Only inflation | b) International trade and exchange rate |
Summary of NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics
NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics together provide a balanced understanding of individual economic decisions and overall performance of the Indian economy. Introductory Microeconomics (and its Hindi/Urdu versions) move from basic concepts to consumer behaviour, production, costs and market equilibrium. In class, I often see that once students visualise demand and supply with simple daily examples, even graph-based questions become easy to attempt in the board exam.
Introductory Macroeconomics (and parallel Hindi/Urdu texts) focus on national income, money and banking, income determination, government budget and open economy. These topics link directly with current affairs like inflation, GDP growth and budget announcements. When you read NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics line by line, underline definitions, practise numerical questions and revise key diagrams, you build strong conceptual clarity and answer-writing skills that match CBSE marking schemes.
FAQs on NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics
Q1. Are NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics enough for CBSE board preparation?
Yes. For most students, NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics are sufficient because CBSE sets questions mainly from NCERT chapters, examples and exercises. Once you finish the complete NCERT thoroughly, you can add sample papers and previous year question papers to strengthen exam practice.
Q2. From Where Can I download official NCERT Class 12 Economics book PDFs?
You can download the official PDFs of NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics from the NCERT textbook portal. This NCERTBooks.net page simply organises those same PDFs book-wise and chapter-wise and adds helpful descriptions so that you can reach the correct NCERT file quickly without confusion.
Q3. Which NCERT Class 12 Economics books are prescribed by CBSE?
CBSE generally prescribes Introductory Microeconomics and Introductory Macroeconomics for English medium students. For Hindi medium, the parallel books are Vyashthi Arthshasrta and Samashty Arthshastra Ek Parichay, while Urdu medium students use Juzvi Maashiyat ka Taruf and Kulli Maashiyat Ka Taruf. All these are NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics only, in different languages.
Q4. How should I revise NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics effectively?
During revision, first read all headings and subheadings, then focus on definitions, numerical formulas and graphs. Make a one-page summary for each chapter of the NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics and practise at least 3–4 typical 4-mark and 6-mark questions from that chapter. This method mirrors how we revise in school classrooms before the pre-board exams.
Q5. Do NCERT Class 12 Economics books help in Competitive Exams like CUET?
Yes, NCERT Class 12 Economics books are very useful for CUET and other undergraduate entrance tests where school-level economics is asked. Many objective questions in such exams are directly based on definitions, diagrams and examples given in NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics.
Q6. Are the NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics on this page updated as per the latest syllabus?
Yes, the NCERT Books for Class 12 Economics linked here match the latest versions available on the official NCERT website. They follow the current Cbse Class 12 Economics syllabus and exam pattern, so you can safely use them for your board exam preparation.