Physics Formulas — CBSE Class 11-12 & JEE/NEET

Physics Formulas for CBSE Class 9 to 12 — All NCERT Physics Equations

This page covers all 244+ physics formulas from NCERT Class 9 to 12. Includes mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, optics, waves, and modern physics — each with the formula expression, SI units, and NCERT chapter reference.

Physics Topics Covered:

Class 9: Motion (kinematics), Force and Newton’s Laws, Work, Energy and Power, Sound, Gravitation
Class 10: Electricity (Ohm’s Law, resistance, power), Magnetic effects of current, Light (reflection, refraction)
Class 11: Kinematics, Laws of Motion, Work-Energy, Rotational Motion, Gravitation, Thermodynamics, Waves
Class 12: Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Optics, Modern Physics, Semiconductors

What are Physics Formulas?

Physics formulas express the quantitative relationship between physical quantities. Every formula has a mathematical expression, defined variables, and SI units. Understanding a physics formula means knowing not just the equation but what each symbol represents, the conditions under which it applies, and its derivation. For CBSE board exams, you must apply formulas in numerical problems. For JEE and NEET, you need to understand derivations and apply formulas in multi-step conceptual problems.

Mechanics Formulas (Class 9 and 11)

Formula Name	Expression	Variables	SI Unit	NCERT
Newton’s Second Law	\( F = ma \)	F=force, m=mass, a=acceleration	N (Newton)	Class 9, Ch 9
First Equation of Motion	\( v = u + at \)	u=initial velocity, a=acceleration, t=time	m/s	Class 9, Ch 8
Second Equation of Motion	\( s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2 \)	s=displacement	m	Class 9, Ch 8
Third Equation of Motion	\( v^2 = u^2 + 2as \)	All standard	m²/s²	Class 9, Ch 8
Kinetic Energy	\( KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 \)	m=mass, v=velocity	J (Joule)	Class 9, Ch 11
Potential Energy	\( PE = mgh \)	g=9.8 m/s², h=height	J	Class 9, Ch 11
Work Done	\( W = Fs\cos\theta \)	θ=angle between F and displacement	J	Class 9, Ch 11
Power	\( P = \frac{W}{t} = Fv \)	t=time	W (Watt)	Class 9, Ch 11
Universal Gravitation	\( F = G\frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2} \)	G=6.67×10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg²	N	Class 9, Ch 10
Momentum	\( p = mv \)	p=momentum	kg⋅m/s	Class 9, Ch 9
Torque	\( \tau = r \times F \)	r=perpendicular distance	N⋅m	Class 11, Ch 7
Centripetal Acceleration	\( a_c = \frac{v^2}{r} = \omega^2 r \)	ω=angular velocity	m/s²	Class 11, Ch 5

Electricity Formulas (Class 10 and 12)

Formula Name	Expression	SI Unit	NCERT
Ohm’s Law	\( V = IR \)	V=Volt, A=Ampere, Ω=Ohm	Class 10, Ch 12
Resistance (series)	\( R_s = R_1 + R_2 + R_3 \)	Ω	Class 10, Ch 12
Resistance (parallel)	\( \frac{1}{R_p} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3} \)	Ω	Class 10, Ch 12
Electric Power	\( P = VI = I^2R = \frac{V^2}{R} \)	W	Class 10, Ch 12
Coulomb’s Law	\( F = k\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \)	k=9×10⁹ Nm²/C²	Class 12, Ch 1
Electric Field	\( E = \frac{F}{q} = \frac{kQ}{r^2} \)	N/C	Class 12, Ch 1

Thermodynamics and Gas Law Formulas (Class 11)

Formula Name	Expression	NCERT
Ideal Gas Law	\( PV = nRT \)	Class 11, Ch 13
Boyle’s Law (constant T)	\( P_1 V_1 = P_2 V_2 \)	Class 11, Ch 13
Charles’ Law (constant P)	\( \frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2} \)	Class 11, Ch 13
First Law of Thermodynamics	\( \Delta U = Q – W \)	Class 11, Ch 12
Specific Heat Capacity	\( Q = mc\Delta T \)	Class 11, Ch 11

Modern Physics Formulas (Class 12)

Formula Name	Expression	NCERT
Photoelectric Effect (Einstein)	\( KE_{max} = h\nu – \phi \)	Class 12, Ch 11
de Broglie Wavelength	\( \lambda = \frac{h}{mv} = \frac{h}{p} \)	Class 12, Ch 11
Mass–Energy Equivalence	\( E = mc^2 \)	Class 12, Ch 13
Radioactive Decay	\( N = N_0 e^{-\lambda t} \)	Class 12, Ch 13
Half-life	\( t_{1/2} = \frac{0.693}{\lambda} \)	Class 12, Ch 13
Lens Formula	\( \frac{1}{v} – \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{f} \)	Class 12, Ch 9
Mirror Formula	\( \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{f} \)	Class 12, Ch 9

All Physics Formula Articles (244+)

#	Formula Name
1	Absolute Pressure Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
2	Acceleration Formula: How to Calculate Acceleration \| Acceleration Formula and Examples
3	Air Resistance Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
4	Amperes Law Formula: Definition, Equation and Examples
5	Amplitude Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
6	Angular Acceleration Formula: Definition, Unit, Examples
7	Angular Displacement Formula: Definition, Unit and Examples
8	Angular Momentum Formula: Definition, Unit, Example
9	Angular Speed Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
10	Angular Velocity Formula: Definition and Examples
11	Average Acceleration Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
12	Average Force Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
13	Average Speed Formula: Definition, How to Find, Examples
14	Average Velocity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
15	Banking Of Road Formula: Definition, Concept and Examples
16	Beam Deflection Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
17	Beat Frequency Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
18	Bernoullis Equation Formula: Definition and Examples
19	Brewsters Law Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
20	Brownian Motion Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
21	Buffer Solution Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
22	Bulk Modulus Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
23	Buoyancy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
24	Calorimetry Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
25	Capacitance Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
26	Capacitive Reactance Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
27	Cell Potential Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
28	Centripetal Acceleration Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
29	Centripetal Force Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
30	Charge Density Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
31	Circular Velocity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
32	Coefficient Of Static Friction Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
33	Combustion Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
34	Conservation Of Energy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
35	Continuous Compound Interest Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
36	Cop Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
37	Critical Angle Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
38	Critical Velocity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
39	Current Density Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
40	Cylindrical Capacitor Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
41	DC Voltage Drop Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
42	De Broglie Wavelength Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
43	Deceleration Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
44	Diffraction Grating Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
45	Displacement Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
46	Distance Speed Time Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
47	Distance Traveled Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
48	Doppler Effect Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
49	Doppler Shift Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
50	Drag Force Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
51	Dynamic Viscosity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
52	EMF Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
53	Efficiency Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
54	Elastic Collision Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
55	Elastic Potential Energy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
56	Electric Current Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
57	Electric Field Formula: Definition, Equation and Examples
58	Electric Flux Formula: Definition, Properties and Examples
59	Electric Power Formula: Definition and Examples
60	Electrical Formulas: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
61	Electrical Resistance Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
62	Electricity Formulas: Definition and Solved Examples
63	Energy Consumption Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
64	Energy Density Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
65	Energy Level Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
66	Energy Momentum Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
67	Equivalent Resistance Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
68	Escape Speed Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
69	Escape Velocity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
70	Flow Rate Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
71	Fluid Mechanics Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
72	Force Of Attraction Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
73	Formula Dynamics Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
74	Free Fall Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
75	Frequency Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
76	Friction Force Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
77	Friction Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
78	Friction Loss Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
79	Froude Number Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
80	Gay Lussac Law Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
81	Gram Formula Mass: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
82	Gravitational Acceleration Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
83	Gravitational Force Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
84	Gravity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
85	Gregory Newton Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
86	Gross Profit Formula: Definition, Concepts and Solved Examples
87	Heat Capacity Formula: Definition and Examples
88	Heat Conduction Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
89	Heat Flux Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
90	Heat Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
91	Heat Gain Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
92	Heat Index Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
93	Heat Input Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
94	Heat Load Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
95	Heat Loss Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
96	Heat Of Fusion Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
97	Heat Of Hydration Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
98	Heat Of Reaction Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
99	Heat Of Solution Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
100	Heat Of Vaporization Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
101	Heat Rate Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
102	Heat Release Rate Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
103	Heat Transfer Formula: Meaning, Formula, & Practice Problems
104	Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
105	Hookes Law Formula: Definition, Derivation and Examples
106	Horsepower Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
107	Hubbles Law Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
108	Impulse Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
109	Induced Voltage Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
110	Inductance Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
111	Inductive Reactance Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
112	Inelastic Collision Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
113	Initial Velocity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
114	Instantaneous Rate Of Change Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
115	Instantaneous Speed Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
116	Instantaneous Velocity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
117	Intensity Formula: Definition, Application, Examples
118	Internal Resistance Formula: How to Calculate Internal Resistance \| Internal Resistance Formula Explained
119	Inverse Square Law Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
120	Kelvin To Celsius Formula: Convet K to C
121	Kinematic Viscosity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
122	Kinematics Formulas: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
123	Kinetic Energy Formula: Definition and Examples
124	Kinetic Friction Formula: Definition, Properties, Examples
125	Latent Heat Formula: Definition, Concept, Examples
126	Latent Heat Of Fusion Formula: Definition, Unit, Examples
127	Lattice Energy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
128	Length Contraction Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
129	Lens Makers Formula: Definition, Derivation and Examples
130	Light Waves And Color Formula
131	Lightning Formula: Definition, Concept, Examples
132	Linear Momentum Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
133	Linear Speed Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
134	Lorentz Factor Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
135	Magnetic Declination Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
136	Magnetic Field In A Solenoid Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
137	Magnetic Field Strength Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
138	Magnetic Flux Formula: Definition, Unit and Examples
139	Magnetism Formula: Definition and Examples
140	Mass Energy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
141	Mass Flow Rate Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
142	Mass Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
143	Maxwell Boltzmann Distribution Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
144	Maxwell Boltzmann Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
145	Measurement Formulas: Concepts and Examples
146	Mechanical Advantage Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
147	Mechanical Energy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
148	Molar Concentration Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
149	Moment Formula: Understanding Moment of a Force Formula \| Examples and Applications
150	Momentum And Its Conservation Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
151	Momentum Formula: Concept and Examples
152	Momentum Of Photon Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
153	Net Force Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
154	Newtons Second Law Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
155	Normal Force Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
156	Ohms Law Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
157	Optics Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
158	Orbital Speed Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
159	Orbital Velocity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
160	Oscillatory Motion Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
161	Pascals Principle Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
162	Photon Energy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
163	Planetary Formulas: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
164	Poiseuilles Law Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
165	Polarization Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
166	Position Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
167	Potential Energy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
168	Potential Energy Of A Spring Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
169	Power Factor Formula For Single Phase: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
170	Power Formula: Understanding Power Formula in Physics \| Examples and Applications
171	Poynting Vector Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
172	Pressure Drop Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
173	Pressure Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
174	Projectile Motion Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
175	Propagation Constant Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
176	Radiant Energy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
177	Radio Waves Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
178	Reflection And Ray Model Of Light Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
179	Refraction Formula: Definition, Application and Examples
180	Refractive Index Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
181	Relative Motion Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
182	Relative Velocity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
183	Relativistic Doppler Effect Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
184	Relativistic Mass Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
185	Relativity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
186	Resistance Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
187	Resistivity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
188	Resistor Series Parallel Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
189	Resonant Frequency Formula: Definition, Concept, Examples
190	Resultant Force Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
191	Reynolds Number Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
192	Rotational Inertia Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
193	Rotational Kinetic Energy: Definition, Formula, and Examples
194	Shear Modulus Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
195	Simple Harmonic Motion Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
196	Snells Law Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
197	Soil Erosion Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
198	Sound Intensity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
199	Sound Pressure Level Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
200	Special Theory Of Relativity: Definition, Concept, Formula
201	Specific Gravity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
202	Specific Heat Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
203	Speed Distance Time Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
204	Speed Of Sound Formula: Definition and Examples
205	Spherical Capacitor Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
206	Spring Constant Formula: How to Calculate Spring Constant \| Spring Formula Explained
207	Spring Force Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
208	Static Electricity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
209	Static Friction Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
210	Stopping Distance Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
211	Strain Energy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
212	Strain Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
213	Stress Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
214	Superposition Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
215	Surface Charge Density Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
216	Surface Tension Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
217	Tangential Acceleration Formula: How to Calculate Tangential Acceleration \| Formula and Examples
218	Tangential Velocity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
219	Temperature Conversion: Formula and Examples
220	Tension Formula: How to Calculate Tension \| Tension Formula Explained
221	Terminal Velocity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
222	Thermal Energy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
223	Thermal Expansion Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
224	Time Constant Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
225	Time Dilation Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
226	Torque Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
227	Transformer Formula: Understanding Transformer Formula \| Examples and Calculations
228	Uniform Circular Motion Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
229	Universal Gravitation Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
230	Velocity Formula: Definition, Unit and Examples
231	Voltage Divider Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
232	Voltage Drop Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
233	Water Pressure Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
234	Wave Energy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
235	Wave Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
236	Wave Power Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
237	Wave Speed Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
238	Wavelength Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
239	Wavelength To Frequency Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
240	Weight Formula: Definition and Examples
241	Wheatstone Bridge Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
242	Wind Energy Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
243	Work Done By Gravity Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses
244	Work Formula: Properties, Chemical Structure and Uses

For official NCERT Physics textbooks (Class 9 to 12), visit ncert.nic.in. For CBSE Physics syllabus and sample papers, visit cbse.gov.in.

NCERT Books

Physics Formulas — CBSE Class 11-12 & JEE/NEET | ncertbooks.net