NCERT Books

CBSE 2nd Puc Biology Textbook Pdf PDF – NCERT 2026-27

2nd Puc Biology Textbook Pdf CBSE NCERT – Free PDF Download 2026-27

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About 2nd Puc Biology Textbook Pdf

2nd puc biology textbook pdf provides complete coverage of the pre-university biology curriculum prescribed by Karnataka state board. This comprehensive NCERT-aligned resource covers essential chapters including Reproduction in Organisms, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, Human Reproduction, and Reproductive Health. Students can access detailed explanations of Principles of Inheritance and Variation, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, and Evolution concepts.

The free PDF includes crucial topics like Human Health and Disease, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, and Microbes in Human Welfare. Advanced chapters cover Biotechnology principles, applications, and Organisms and Populations dynamics. The latest edition for 2026-27 incorporates updated CBSE guidelines and recent scientific discoveries. Each chapter features labeled diagrams, solved examples, and practice questions. Students benefit from downloading this digital version for flexible study schedules and easy revision. The PDF format enables quick keyword searches and bookmark creation for efficient navigation. Regular practice with chapter-end exercises strengthens conceptual understanding and exam readiness.

Important Points to Remember – Class 2 Biology

  • The 2nd PUC Biology textbook follows NCERT curriculum and covers 16 chapters divided into 5 units for the 2024-25 academic session.
  • Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves pollination, fertilization, and seed formation with double fertilization being unique to angiosperms.
  • Human reproduction includes male and female reproductive systems, menstrual cycle (28 days average), fertilization, and embryonic development.
  • Reproductive health covers population explosion, sexually transmitted diseases, and assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.
  • Principles of inheritance include Mendel’s laws, linkage, crossing over, and chromosomal disorders like Down syndrome (trisomy 21).
  • Molecular basis of inheritance focuses on DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, and genetic code properties.
  • Evolution covers Darwin’s theory, Hardy-Weinberg principle, and human evolution from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens.
  • Human health and disease includes immunity types (innate and acquired), cancer, AIDS, and drug addiction effects.
  • Microbes in human welfare covers antibiotics, vaccines, biogas production, and sewage treatment processes.
  • Biotechnology principles involve genetic engineering, PCR technique, and recombinant DNA technology applications.
  • Biotechnology applications include Bt cotton, gene therapy, DNA fingerprinting, and transgenic animals production.
  • Organisms and populations study population growth patterns, exponential and logistic growth curves, and ecological adaptations.
  • Ecosystem covers energy flow (10% law), nutrient cycling, and ecological pyramids (number, biomass, energy).
  • Biodiversity and conservation includes biodiversity hotspots (34 globally), extinction causes, and in-situ/ex-situ conservation methods.
  • Environmental issues cover air and water pollution, greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, and solid waste management strategies.

Quick Revision Notes – Class 2 Biology

  • Focus on diagrams of flower structure, human male/female reproductive systems, and heart structure as they carry 2-3 marks each in board exams.
  • Remember the sequence: DNA → RNA → Protein for molecular biology chapters, and practice writing the steps of transcription and translation.
  • For genetics problems, always write the phenotypic and genotypic ratios clearly – monohybrid cross gives 3:1 and dihybrid gives 9:3:3:1.
  • Memorize scientific names: Homo sapiens (humans), Plasmodium vivax (malaria), HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) for scoring easy marks.
  • Learn the differences between mitosis and meiosis in tabular format as comparison questions are frequently asked in 3-5 mark questions.
  • Practice drawing and labeling ecological pyramids, food chains, and nitrogen cycle diagrams as they are high-scoring visual questions.
  • Understand the concept of carrying capacity, population growth curves, and r and K strategists with real examples for ecology chapters.
  • Memorize the functions of hormones like insulin, growth hormone, thyroid hormones as endocrine system questions are common.
  • Learn the classification hierarchy: Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species with examples.
  • Focus on biotechnology applications like insulin production, gene therapy, and Bt cotton as case study questions appear frequently.
  • Understand immune system components: antibodies, antigens, vaccines, and types of immunity for human health chapter.
  • Practice numerical problems related to population growth, ecological efficiency, and BOD calculations for scoring full marks.
  • Remember important years: 1953 (DNA structure), 1865 (Mendel’s laws), 1928 (Penicillin discovery) for historical context questions.
  • Learn the steps of sewage treatment, biogas production, and composting as environmental biotechnology questions are scoring topics.
  • Understand genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia, color blindness, and hemophilia with their inheritance patterns and symptoms.

Frequently Asked Questions


The complete biology textbook PDF is available on the official NCERT website under Class 12 Biology section and Karnataka Education Department portal. Students can access both English and Kannada versions for the 2024-25 academic session. Always download from official sources to get the updated curriculum content.


Yes, the 2nd PUC Biology syllabus follows NCERT curriculum completely with the same 16 chapters covering reproduction, genetics, evolution, ecology, and biotechnology. The textbook content, diagrams, and exercise questions are identical to NCERT Class 12 Biology. Students can use NCERT solutions for comprehensive preparation.


The textbook contains 16 chapters across 5 units: Reproduction (chapters 1-4), Genetics & Evolution (chapters 5-7), Biology & Human Welfare (chapters 8-10), Biotechnology (chapters 11-12), and Ecology (chapters 13-16). All chapters follow the updated CBSE curriculum guidelines for 2025-26 examinations.


The marking scheme allocates 14 marks to Reproduction, 18 marks to Genetics & Evolution, 14 marks to Biology & Human Welfare, 10 marks to Biotechnology, and 14 marks to Ecology totaling 70 marks. The practical examination carries 30 marks making the total 100 marks for PUC board examination.


The 2024-25 edition includes updated information on COVID-19 vaccines, recent biotechnology applications, and environmental conservation methods. The core concepts and chapter structure remain the same, but examples and case studies have been refreshed. Students should refer to the latest edition for current scientific developments and exam accuracy.