CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26
Welcome to our guide for the CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus for the academic year 2025-26. Whether you’re a student eager to plan your studies or a parent supporting your child’s educational journey, you’ve come to the right place. On this page, you’ll find a detailed breakdown of the syllabus, organized into three easy-to-navigate tables. These tables are designed to provide you with a clear understanding of the topics covered in the course, ensuring that you have all the information you need at your fingertips. Each table focuses on different aspects of the curriculum, making it simple to follow along and plan your learning path effectively. We are here to support your educational success and hope you find this resource both helpful and informative.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus Structure
CBSE Class 12 Biology Units and Topics
Focus on “Genetics and Evolution” and “Reproduction,” as they carry the most weight in the theory section of the CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus, together accounting for over half of the total theory marks. Key Topics: – Reproduction: Human reproduction, reproductive health, and flowering plant reproduction. – Genetics and Evolution: Principles of inheritance, molecular basis of inheritance, and evolutionary biology. – Biology and Human Welfare: Health And disease, strategies for enhancement in food production, and microbes in human welfare. – Biotechnology and its Applications: Genetic engineering, biotechnology principles, and processes. – Ecology and Environment: Ecosystem dynamics, biodiversity, and environmental issues.
| Evaluation Scheme (Theory) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Units | Topics | Marks |
| VI | Reproduction | 16 |
| VII | Genetics and Evolution | 20 |
| VIII | Biology and Human Welfare | 12 |
| IX | Biotechnology and its Applications | 12 |
| X | Ecology and Environment | 10 |
| Total Theory | 70 | |
| Practicals | 30 | |
| Total | 100 | |
Class 12 Biology Marks Distribution
CBSE Class 12 Biology focuses on understanding complex biological processes that are crucial for human life and the environment. Mastery of these concepts is essential for foundational knowledge in biological sciences and applications in biotechnology and ecology. – Reproduction: Study sexual reproduction in plants, human reproductive systems, and strategies for reproductive health. – Genetics and Evolution: Explore genetic inheritance, molecular genetics, and the principles of evolution. – Biology and Human Welfare: Learn about human diseases, health management, and the role of microbes in welfare. – Biotechnology: Understand the principles and practical applications of biotechnology. – Ecology and Environment: Investigate ecological relationships, ecosystems, biodiversity, and conservation efforts.
| Unit Name | Chapters |
|---|---|
| Unit-VI Reproduction | Chapter-1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering PlantsChapter-2: Human ReproductionChapter-3: Reproductive Health |
| Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution | Chapter-4: Principles of Inheritance and VariationChapter-5: Molecular Basis of InheritanceChapter-6: Evolution |
| Unit-VIII Biology and Human Welfare | Chapter-7: Human Health And DiseasesChapter-8: Microbes in Human Welfare |
| Unit-IX Biotechnology and its Applications | Chapter-9: Biotechnology – Principles and ProcessesChapter-10: Biotechnology and its Applications |
| Unit-X Ecology and Environment | Chapter-11: Organisms and PopulationsChapter-12: EcosystemChapter-13: Biodiversity and Its Conservation |
Biology Syllabus Details
The CBSE Class 12 Biology practical exams focus on hands-on skills, with significant emphasis on experiments, slide preparation, and viva voce. Mastery of major and minor experiments, along with thorough project documentation, is crucial for securing a high score. Key Topics: – Conducting and understanding major and minor experiments. – Preparing and analyzing biological slides. – Spotting various biological specimens. – Maintaining a comprehensive practical record. – Developing and presenting an investigatory project with a clear report and viva voce.
| Evaluation Scheme | Marks |
|---|---|
| One Major Experiment 5 | 5 |
| One Minor Experiment 2 & 3 | 4 |
| Slide Preparation 1 & 4 | 5 |
| Spotting | 7 |
| Practical Record + Viva Voce | 4 |
| Investigatory Project and its Project Record + Viva Voce | 5 |
| Total | 30 |
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. What Is The marks distribution for CBSE Class 12 Biology exam in 2025-26?
The CBSE Class 12 Biology exam is divided into theory and practicals. The theory paper carries 70 marks, while the practical exam carries 30 marks. The theory paper includes various question types like MCQs, short answers, and long answers, each contributing to the total marks.
Q2. Which chapters are considered most important for CBSE Class 12 Biology?
Key chapters for Class 12 Biology include ‘Genetics and Evolution’, ‘Biotechnology: Principles and Processes’, ‘Human Health and Disease’, and ‘Ecology and Environment’. These chapters are crucial as they cover core concepts and often have a higher weightage in board exams.
Q3. What Is the exam pattern for the CBSE Class 12 Biology exam?
The Biology exam consists of a 3-hour written test with a total of 70 marks. The question paper includes multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and long answer questions. Understanding the pattern helps students prioritize sections and manage time effectively during the exam.
Q4. How should students prepare for the CBSE Class 12 Biology practical exam?
Students should focus on understanding key experiments and procedures outlined in the syllabus. Practice regularly in the lab to gain hands-on experience. Maintain a detailed practical record, as it contributes to your final grade, and review viva questions, as they form part of the practical assessment.
Q5. What Are some effective study tips for excelling in CBSE Class 12 Biology?
Start by organizing your study schedule to cover the entire syllabus systematically. Use NCERT books as the primary resource, and complement them with reference books for deeper understanding. Regularly revise key concepts, solve past papers, and take mock tests to improve speed and accuracy.
Q6. How can parents support their children in preparing for the CBSE Class 12 Biology exam?
Parents can support by providing a conducive study environment and encouraging a balanced routine of study and relaxation. Monitor their progress without adding pressure, and motivate them to take breaks and practice stress-relief activities. Being supportive and approachable helps maintain their confidence.